In some cases, medications, supplements and high-fat meals are the culprit. Antibiotics and infection. Most of the time, the odor is familiar. We avoid using tertiary references. As is the case with many antioxidants especially bioflavonoids such as quercetin taking too many antioxidants at once can result in a pro-oxidant effect. Prostatitis is the inflammation and swelling of the prostate gland a walnut-sized gland that is part of the male reproductive system and is located below the bladder. Am J Reprod Immunol 2022. Am J Epidemiol 2007;166:924-31. Type 3: Sausage-shaped with cracks on the surface. We can overcome this simply by adding more fiber into your diet and maybe using Miralax.. Effects of quercetin supplementation on endurance performance and maximal oxygen consumption: a meta-analysis. Li C, Wang X, Bi Y, et al. Propertiesandtherapeutic application of bromelain: a review. 2018 Feb;32(2):305-311. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5978. View abstract. View abstract. Minerva Urol Nefrol. How to Make A DIY Poop Spray Its surprisingly easy and only requires three ingredients. View abstract. A particularly bad odor can sometimes be a sign that something is off with your health. Our team periodically reviews articles in order to ensure content quality. , a retired gastroenterologist and health blogger. Carrubba said steatorrhea is often seen with malabsorption syndromes, pancreatic insufficiency and biliary disease. View abstract. J Nutr 2007;137:2405-11. It's found in many plants and foods, such as red wine, onions, Quercetin has most often been used by adults in doses of 250-1000 mg by mouth daily for up to 12 weeks. LOL! The presence of steatorrhea indicates difficulty absorbing fat and these patients are at risk of developing deficiencies in fat soluble vitamins, like vitamins A, D, E and K, he said. Quercetin might increase levels of prazosin. A little update: the last two weeks I feel like my body odour is back to normal. The possible causes of smelly stools include chronic pancreatitis, intestinal infections, short bowel syndrome, Crohn's disease and celiac disease. Please check with the appropriate physician regarding health questions and concerns. J Nutr 1998;128:593-7. Hollman, P. C., de Vries, J. H., van Leeuwen, S. D., Mengelers, M. J., and Katan, M. B. Absorption of dietary quercetin glycosides and quercetin in healthy ileostomy volunteers. Beckingham I J. Anon. feeling itchy pins and needles, sense of taste and smell are diminished, just feel completely off. Before you flush, note changes in your stool and tell your doctor about unusual odors or composition, particularly if you see blood. Most dosages range from 200 to 500 milligrams, taken 15 minutes before meals. Bioavailability of quercetin from berries and the diet. IBD as a whole can cause uncomfortable symptoms like diarrhea, stomach pain, nausea, and vomiting. Clin Ther. Health effects of quercetin: from antioxidant to nutraceutical. When you have a food intolerance or allergy, your body cant properly process a particular ingredient, Dr. Singh says. Foul-smelling stool has a putrid and rotten odor. Erlund I, Kosonen T, Alfthan G, et al. An abnormal stench from the toilet bowl. Pharmacotherapy 2006;26:1255-61. Web2. Nutrients. Along with smelly stool, other symptoms include watery stool, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and abnormal heartbeat, per the Wisconsin Department of Health Services. Bromelain limits airway inflammation in an ovalbumin-induced murine model of established asthma. I was otherwise functioning normally and working remotely. In Vivo. View abstract. View abstract. Office evaluation of rectal bleeding. Boots, A. W., Haenen, G. R., and Bast, A. The combination of gas produced by bacteria that try to break it down and undigested food can lead to a stinky smell. 2019;45(1):84. Cancer Lett. Nutr Rev. Am.J Clin Nutr. View abstract. Int J Mol Sci 2019;20(19):4961. The result? Rathnavelu Vidhya, et al. Erlund, I., Alfthan, G., Maenpaa, J., and Aro, A. And that can add more gas to your poop. Quercetin is a type of flavonoid antioxidant that plays a key role in fighting inflammation. In general, be careful to keep your doses low and reasonable. A double-blind clinical evaluation of bromelains in the treatment of acute sinusitis. Also, my daughter has now has this happen to her. My initial symptoms appearing on April 14th were severe headache and stuffed nose. // Leaf Group Lifestyle. Guo Y, Mah E, Davis CG, et al. Nguyen MA, Staubach P, Wolffram S, Langguth P. Effect of single-dose and short-term administration of quercetin on the pharmacokinetics of talinolol in humans - Implications for the evaluation of transporter-mediated flavonoid-drug interactions. Quercetin might increase how quickly the body breaks down midazolam. I seriously doubt I have cancer, as there would be other signs. According to the American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), people with celiac disease experience an immune reaction to eating gluten, a protein in wheat, barley, and rye. Murota K, Terao J. Antioxidative flavonoid quercetin: implication of its intestinal absorption and metabolism. But now exactly 4 months later my body odour is completely different from before coronavirus. A common cause is the surgical removal of intestine parts after other unsuccessful treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Quercetin might decrease how quickly the body breaks down cyclosporine. Biochem.Pharmacol 4-1-1983;32(7):1141-1148. Floating stools--flatus versus fat. An infection can also mess with the bacteria in your gut. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1997;63:9-15. How much, and how often should. Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 enzymes by constituents of St. John's wort, an herbal preparation used in the treatment of depression. Curr.Urol.Rep. Then the gut can absorb the smaller sugars into the bloodstream. Guo R, Canter PH, Ernst E. Herbal medicines for the treatment of rhinosinusitis: a systematic review. She holds a Master of Science in microbiology from India's HNB Garhwal University and a Master of Pharmaceutical Business Management from ICFAI University. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Free Radic Res 2006;40:1054-65. 2001 Jan 6; 322(7277): 3336. A regular quercetin dose is usually between 200 and 500 mg. A strong dose sometimes suggested is 800 mg. If you research quercetin side-effects, youll soon find that no clear toxicity exists. Nutr Cancer 2006;54:13-7. 2005;18(4):249-54. doi:10.1055/s-2005-922847, Kim BS, Li BT, Engel A, et al. Onken JE, Greer PK, Calingart B, Hale LP. Quercetin has been shown to cause changes in bacterial chromosomes during laboratory observations, according to an article published in the Internet Journal of Medical Update in 2007 3. eating uncooked vegetables or fruits that were rinsed in contaminated water and by improperly washing hands after coming into contact with feces or an infected human or animal. 2002 Dec;9(8):681-6. Cloudy urine is commonly caused by an infection, which may be treated with antibiotics. Beets or red juice can color your stool red. In ulcerative colitis, the colons lining becomes inflamed and develops ulcers. According to a 2014 study conducted at the Department of Medicine and Sciences of Aging, Pescara,flavonoids can interfere with thyroid function. Vaclavikova R, Horsky S, Simek P, Gut I. Paclitaxel metabolism in rat and human liver microsomes is inhibited by phenolic antioxidants. These may include the foods people eat, food allergies or intolerances, infections, and any underlying medical conditions. 6. As a result, a person may have an oily, fatty, foul-smelling, pale-colored stool. WebCauses of this condition include gluten intolerance, IBD, Crohn's disease, or lactose intolerance. For more information, please see our Have anyone else had similar experiences? People Bowel movements change from person to person depending on his or her diet, physical activity, how much water they consume and what medications they take, said. Eur.J Haematol. This is usually harmless, but if the symptom continues, check with your doctor. Chobotova K1, Vernallis AB, Majid FA. Brien S, Lewith G, Walker A, Hicks SM, Middleton D. Bromelain as a Treatment for Osteoarthritis: a Review of Clinical Studies. While you are wearing rubber gloves, slowly work the mixture into your dogs coat. OTHER NAME(S): 3,3',4'5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone, Bioflavonoid, Biof. Therefore, the UMMC advises to take repeated breaks from taking quercetin. Green feces. Taking quercetin with diclofenac might increase the effects and side effects of diclofenac. In many cases, prevention of smelly stool depends on eliminating certain foods, managing diseases that lead to stool problems, and seeking treatment when symptoms do not resolve. Last medically reviewed on October 14, 2022, Bowel movements may be embarrassing to bring up, but they provide a vital insight into the state of a persons health. Arthritis Res Ther. Horm Metab Res. Any time chronic inflammation occurs in the gut, it can alter the balance of the bacteria, Dr. Navabi says. My body odour, excrement smells very different after recovering from COVID-19. Ameye LG, Chee WS. Side effects. Bromelain treatment decreases secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by colon biopsies in vitro. Less than 10 weeks after I tested positive I got a lung inflammation. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? Crohns disease can cause similar issues, along with difficulty absorbing nutrients, and that can also lead to stinky poop, he says. Chronic quercetin ingestion and exercise-induced oxidative damage and inflammation. Although quercetin is usually considered safe for consumption, you may experience side effects such as upset stomach and headache, states the UMMC. View abstract. Numerous factors like solubility, glucose moieties, vitamin C status, and human factor can affect its bioavailability. Tis probably not related, but do you use lots of plastic tupperware and the like? Arch Biochem Biophys 2003;417:12-7. If View abstract. Reply. 1999;31(6):569-573. View abstract. A critical review of the data related to the safety of quercetin and lack of evidence of in vivo toxicity, including lack of genotoxic / carcinogenic properties. Generally, its a good idea to make an appointment with your doctor if youre concerned about your bowel movements at all. Serban MC, Sahebkar A, Zanchetti A, et al; Lipid and Blood Pressure Meta-analysis Collaboration (LBPMC) Group. Song YK, Yoon JH, Woo JK, et al. If foul-smelling stools are a concern for you, consult your doctor for advice 1. 2010;11(4):E009-16. Quercetin has been shown to cause changes in bacterial chromosomes during laboratory observations, according to an article published in the Internet Journal of Medical Update in 2007 3. Foul-smelling stool; Abdominal pain; Nausea; Bloating; Changes in stool (diarrhea or constipation) Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common, J Thromb Haemost 2004;2:2138-45. Pregnant women and nursing mothers should refrain from taking quercetin because of absence of availability of long-term safety data. Some side effects may not be reported. View abstract. This is usually due to inflammation of the intestines, said Peyton Berookim, a gastroenterologist in Los Angeles. 2012 Sep-Oct;18(5):9-17. Excess white blood cells continue to surge into the large intestine, causing chronic inflammation and bad-smelling stool with blood or mucus. View abstract. Sesink AL, O'Leary KA, Hollman PC. Tell him when you noticed a change in your stools, whether they are difficult to flush and what other symptoms you are experiencing. Biotechnol Res Int. View abstract. This commonly occurs when the body mistakenly recognizes quercetin as a potentially harmful chemical and produces an immune response against it. As a baseline avoid taking quercetin with any medication that indicates you shouldnt consume the following foods while using it: onions, apples, apple juice, grapefruit juice, orange juice, pomegranate juice; white, green & black teas. Eur J Clin Nutr 2013;67(4):390-4. Archived post. Oude munnink BB, Van der hoek L. Viruses Causing Gastroenteritis: The Known, The New and Those Beyond. Curr Drug Saf 2022. Taking quercetin and prazosin together might increase the effects and side effects of prazosin. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. C. diff is spread through skin-to-skin contact, so washing your hands after you use the bathroom is an essential part of minimizing your risk of spreading it. Quercetin, a member of the flavonoid family, gives many fruits and vegetables their vibrant color, and quercetin may help protect against cancer and heart disease, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center 123. An ideal bowel movement appears medium brown and has a slight smell. de Vries JH, Hollman PC, van Amersfoort I, et al. B-ENT. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. If your smelly poop doesnt seem to be linked to something serious, like GI bleeding, and youre not having other severe symptoms, there are a few things you can do. Clin Biochem 1994;27:245-8. J Contemp Dent Pract. pii: e002713. The following are answers to additional questions about foul stool. Nakamura Y, Watanabe H, Tanaka A, Nishihira J, Murayama N. Effect of quercetin glycosides on cognitive functions and cerebral blood flow: a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled study. Acta Pharmacol.Sin. ALSO READ: Acacia Gum (Gum Arabic or E414) Side Effects. All rights reserved. Popiolek-Kalisz J, Fornal E. The effects of quercetin supplementation on blood pressure - meta-analysis. View abstract. Kooshyar MM, Mozafari PM, Amirchaghmaghi M, et al. Cookie Notice Otsuka Y, Miyamoto N, Nagai A, et al. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2000;56:545-53.. View abstract. Effect of quercetin on the plasma and intracellular concentrations of saquinavir in healthy adults. Treatment with oral bromelain decreases colonic inflammation in the IL-10-deficient murine model of inflammatory bowel disease. Natural Treatment For Interstitial Cystitis. Some OTC and prescription medications can increase your stools stink factor. EDIT: Wow it seems quite a few people have similar experiences. Speak with a, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Mediterranean, Low-Fat Diets Are Best for Heart Problems, Least Amount of Exercise You Need to Stay Healthy, Nerve 'Pulse' Therapy May Help Ease Sciatica, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox, The Role Gut Bacteria Plays on the Overall Body, Athletic performance. It may affect any part of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, from mouth to rectum, similarly to ulcerative colitis. The recommended daily intake of fiber is at least 25 grams and the amount of water needed varies from person to person, said Jack Braha, a gastroenterologist at Brooklyn Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Associates. 2015 Dec 31;28(4):264-274. Foul-smelling stool that appears pale and greasy could be a sign of pancreatic insufficiency, which can occur with pancreatic cancer. Take a closer look at your diet. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2007;27:1003-11. While quercetin is often quite safe, it does have some possible side effects. But, some people can experience some side effects, including: upset Pathophysiology 2022;29(3):365-73. Quercetin supplementation and upper respiratory tract infection: A randomized community clinical trial. View abstract. Perez-Vizcaino F, Duarte J, Andriantsitohaina R. Endothelial function and cardiovascular disease: effects of quercetin and wine polyphenols. The burning plastic smell reduced very gradually over the course of several months of intense detoxing, and now it just smells like ammonia!! Minimally invasive burn care: a review of seven clinical studies of rapid and selective debridement using a bromelain-based debriding enzyme (Nexobrid). Wu LX, Guo CX, Chen WQ, et al. Beatty, E. R., O'Reilly, J. D., England, T. G., McAnlis, G. T., Young, I. S., Geissler, C. A., Sanders, T. A., and Wiseman, H. Effect of dietary quercetin on oxidative DNA damage in healthy human subjects. It can also be due to inflammation caused by a bacterial infection or IBS. 2004 Dec;1(3):251-257. Scan this QR code to download the app now. "Blood from your upper GI tract mixes with digestive enzymes in your stomach and becomes altered by gut bacteria, creating the smell," says Dr. Jaswani. View abstract. People with liver or kidney disease, high blood pressure and bleeding disorders and pregnant women should not take bromelain, advises the UMMC. J Nutr 2008;138(9):1615-1621. This antioxidant activates the essential step leading to the production of cellular glutathione (a cells primary antioxidant), accordingto a 2009 study. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid found abundantly in fruits and vegetables, especially raspberries, apples, red grapes, red onions, citrus fruits, cherries, and green leafy vegetables. The interactions arent severe, so dont panic if youve combined them already, but I would suggest immediately stopping your quercetin dosage and discuss all of your supplements with your doctor as soon as possible. QJM. Impact of quercetin on pharmacokinetics of quetiapine: insights from in-vivo studies in wistar rats. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. Viral or bacterial illnesses. Nieman, D. C. Immunonutrition support for athletes. There are three flavors of constipation, she adds. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;73:941-8.. View abstract. Copyright 2023 Leaf Group Ltd., all rights reserved. de Pascual-Teresa S, Johnston KL, DuPont MS, et al. 2014;66(2):119-25. She has a masters degree from American University, lives by the beach, and hopes to own a teacup pig and taco truck one day. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. These pens allow a person to self-inject epinephrine if anaphylaxis happens, a rare but potentially life threatening allergic reaction. View abstract. Br J Cancer 1999;80:1150-5. Nieman DC, Henson DA, Davis JM, et al. 2023 BuzzFeed, Inc. All rights reserved. This means bleeding is happening from an upper GI source like the esophagus, stomach or small bowel, he explained. View abstract. Learn more. Absorption of three wine-related polyphenols in three different matrices by healthy subjects. Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads, You cant get relief from over-the-counter medications. Homocysteine is a naturally occurring amino acid that is produced as part of the bodys methylation process. CMAJ. Typically, in order to notice yellow skin, stool, and/or sweat, youd need to take relatively high doses. Can J Gastroenterol. N Engl J Med. Stool formed by the large intestine is the body's way of getting rid of waste. The sugar moiety is a major determinant of the absorption of dietary flavonoid glycosides in man. View abstract. View abstract. Clostridioides difficile is a contagious stool infection that leads to inflammation in the colon, says Dr. Jaswani. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you. The daily intake of quercetin with a typical American diet is estimated to range between 1 and 30 milligrams, with a median of 10 milligrams per day. Short bowel syndrome (SBS) is a rare condition that occurs when a portion of the small or large intestine is absent or unable to function. Enhanced paclitaxel bioavailability after oral administration of paclitaxel or prodrug to rats pretreated with quercetin. Nieman DC, Henson DA, Gross SJ, et al. With exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), the pancreas does not produce enough digestion enzymes. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. 3-19-1997;114(1-2):139-140. Cue the stink. O'Reilly, J. D., Sanders, T. A., and Wiseman, H. Flavonoids protect against oxidative damage to LDL in vitro: use in selection of a flavonoid rich diet and relevance to LDL oxidation resistance ex vivo? Quercetin Supplementation Improves Neuromuscular Function Recovery from Muscle Damage. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. Kim KA, Park PW, Kim HK, et al. Altern.Med.Rev. Possible symptoms include: ALSO READ: Magnesium Taurate Side Effects. Alexandrakis, M., Letourneau, R., Kempuraj, D., Kandere-Grzybowska, K., Huang, M., Christodoulou, S., Boucher, W., Seretakis, D., and Theoharides, T. C. Flavones inhibit proliferation and increase mediator content in human leukemic mast cells (HMC-1). Am J Physiol 1999;277(1 Pt 1):G120-G126. In 2006 she began channeling her knowledge into health-related articles for print and online publications. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013;57(5):896-905. With supplements such as quercetin health can and will improve in specific areas if leveraging the supplement properly. The UMMC notes that bromelain may increase the absorption of some antibiotics, especially tetracycline and amoxicillin. Int J Gen Med 2021;14:2807-16. de Vries, J. H., Hollman, P. C., Meyboom, S., Buysman, M. N., Zock, P. L., van Staveren, W. A., and Katan, M. B. View abstract. In particular, experiencing sudden incontinence or sudden loss of sensation in the perineal area can also be signs of a neurological emergency. View abstract. Available for Android and iOS devices. Planta Med. Have you checked your blood sugar lately? Having a bowel movement is a critical part of digesting the food we eat. However, if it becomes a more frequent occurrence, you may want to look into it. McAnulty, S. R., McAnulty, L. S., Nieman, D. C., Quindry, J. C., Hosick, P. A., Hudson, M. H., Still, L., Henson, D. A., Milne, G. L., Morrow, J. D., Dumke, C. L., Utter, A. C., Triplett, N. T., and Dibarnardi, A. 2000;5(3):196-208. WebAnecdotal evidence suggests that this manifests itself most commonly in joint discomfort after prolonged usage of quercetin. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. "Changes in the microbiome of the colon in the presence of colon cancer or advanced polyps can change the gas composition in our stool," explains Dr. Jaswani. Pelletier DM, Lacerte G, Goulet ED. WebPotential Problems. Thank you for your thoughts, Florence! 2020;12(9):E2850. It may seem odd or even uncouth to examine your stool. Influence of quercetin pretreatment on pharmacokinetics of warfarin in rats. Walker AF1, Bundy R, Hicks SM, Middleton RW. 2011;36(3):331-8. At Healthfully, we strive to deliver objective content that is accurate and up-to-date. malabsorption), Dr. Kohen saysan infection, gluten allergy, gut inflammation, and several syndromes. Eur.J.Clin.Pharmacol. Conquer JA, Maiani G, Azzini E, et al. Shoskes D, Lapierre C, Cruz-Corerra M, et al. Bromelain's activity and potential as an anti-cancer agent: Current evidence and perspectives. Clin Microbiol Rev. If you're noticing it consistently, it might be time to talk to a doc. View abstract. WebQuercetin is a safe supplement that you can use in conjunction with conventional methods or as the main therapy. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2003;368:200-9. Eur J Pharmacol 2022;914:174615. 2016;5(7). Food Chem Toxicol 2007;45:2179-205. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999;53:92-6. 2020;11:802. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;88(4):1018-1025. Chirality 2010;22:593-6. "Before you go running to your nearest emergency room, evaluate your diet, medications, and risk for getting a stool infection or bleeding," says .css-7qz8rz{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:#f7623b;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:inherit;-webkit-transition:background 0.4s;transition:background 0.4s;background:linear-gradient(#ffffff, #ffffff 50%, #feebe7 50%, #feebe7);-webkit-background-size:100% 200%;background-size:100% 200%;}.css-7qz8rz:hover{color:#000000;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;-webkit-background-position:100% 100%;background-position:100% 100%;}Tamika Jaswani, MD, a gastroenterologist at Memorial Hermann in Houston, Texas. 2022;26(23):8700-12. 2020:1-7. 2016;188(4):277-278. doi:10.1503/cmaj.150761. 2006 Oct;135(4):496-506. Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide, with over 1.8 million new cases diagnosed every year. Catching the occasional funny waft after using the bathroom is normal. Anticancer Drugs 1999;10:187-93. Quercetin, a promising clinical candidate for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy. Cancer Lett. Knab AM, Shanely RA, Jin F, Austin MD, Sha W, Nieman DC. But I don't see how that couldn't apply in other ways to other foods or things we ingest.Yes - hopefully others will come along with more relevant info. Antioxidants help stop or prevent cell damage caused by free radicals compounds that are produced naturally in your body (due to metabolism) or due to the environment (like pollution or tobacco smoke). Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. View abstract. If answers are not clear with a physical exam, other diagnostic tests may include: Once a healthcare practitioner has performed initial testing, they may refer the person to a specialist for: In most cases, symptoms will subside soon after finishing antibiotics or identifying food causes. Some dosage forms listed on this page may not apply to the brand name Quercetin. The Herxheimer Reaction WebQuercetin is a plant pigment (flavonoid). Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. Malabsorption encompasses different conditions that can make it difficult to digest certain foods. I knew it was a long shot, but one worth taking! View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. 2006;8(4): R127. light-colored stools loss of appetite loss of interest or pleasure muscle aches and pains muscle pain or stiffness nausea pain or burning feeling while urinating pains in the stomach, side, or abdomen, possibly radiating to the back passing gas pressure in the stomach rectal bleeding runny nose sneezing These include: People taking antibiotics may get temporary stomach upset and smelly stool when antibiotics disrupt the delicate balance of good and bad bacteria within the gut. Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive condition that leads to permanent breakdown of the organs structure and function.
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