Although this process is uncomfortable, it results in an increased sense of safety, widens options, and leads to a more fulfilling life (Collier, 2016). If you struggle with trauma and its aftermath, remember that you have overcome obstacles in the past, and that you can draw on those experiences to cultivate the skills you need to process your experience, and become a wiser, more compassionate, and more resilient person as a result. They are often quite difficult to begin, as the emotions engendered by the original trauma can come flooding back as the sufferer recalls the details of the event (s), but it will get easier as the process goes on. Natalie Clausson, Other, San Mateo, CA, USA says. In the end, this demonstrates the need for therapy to unfold according to a natural hierarchy. Your clients can also try this Goal Planning and Achievement Tracker worksheet to monitor their progress during their post-traumatic growth journey. The goal of this tool is to validate and normalize a range of reactions to trauma, which can have numerous benefits. Next, the client describes the thoughts and feelings that arose during the experience to create a comprehensive narrative. My father was a servicemen in the U.S. Army during the Vietnam conflic. Long-term reactions to trauma are unique, personal, and often painful. blessings, Aaaaron(sic) As a 71 going on 72 year old gentleman (debatable) it appears to me that online forums, venues, debates have their own, very flexible etiquettes, modes and modalities. They are vivid, painful, and overwhelming. Psychoeducation and Trauma: How It Helps - Psych Central Structured trauma-focused CBT and unstructured play/experiential techniques in the treatment of sexually abused children: A field study with practicing clinicians. | Or, trauma can be buried beneath depression, anxiety, and anger, without any recognizable origin. Child Sexual Abuse Perhaps a legend at the bottom, as one person suggested, could have been helpful and informative for clients and wouldnt take up as much room on the graphic. Not everybody reacts in the same way though and there is no 'right' way to respond. The goal of this tool is to validate and normalize a range of reactions to trauma, which can have numerous benefits. This likens the memory of the traumatic experience to disorganized information scattered throughout the filing system of the mind. Id like to have Brainspotting next to EMDR. Melissa Potter, Social Work, Durham, NH, USA says. I'm new and need to register. CBT is simply a very general term for many different approaches and techniques. All too often we expect way too much of ourselves and dont give ourselves enough time and space to heal. This can leave clients feeling the heat of their emotions, but without insight or cognitive reflection. Trauma and the Brain This is a very simplistic explanation of a very complex process. 23 Post Traumatic Growth Worksheets for Therapy (+PDF) Your second question concerns dr Bessel van der Kolk. Here in the Netherlands we had Ruud Lubbers, former Prime Minister accused by an american woman for putting his hand on her buttocks. 2023 Psychology Tools. Play therapy requires movement which can help address unresolved trauma that is difficult to express in words, especially for children (Allen & Hoskowitz, 2017). endobj When I started doing feeling therapies I started to make progress. You advertise your car for sale you hope for the best price or no offers or even interest. Using this, you get the story, thoughts in each moment and then emotions. Malcom Green, Student, Sweetwater, TN, USA says. Built with love in the Netherlands. Professionals who use the tools available on this website should not practice outside of their own areas of competency. Hippocampus Trauma. This helps the client externalize their trauma similar to narrative therapy and art therapy, making the experience easier to process (Allen & Hoskowitz, 2017). Download our EMDR Worksheet to find out more. | PTSD Treatment: How to Support Clients Dealing With Trauma For example, physical contact with their partner or spouse may trigger a rape survivor who withdraw or even freeze upon physical contact. I feel now more than ever that I must. The client has to identify three triggers and notice the changes when that happens. I do not know Bessel personally, but value his book and his vids, to watch for free on YT. This information handout explains simply the changes in memory thought to occur in PTSD. Unlimited access to interactive therapy tools. Body COVID-19: Long-term effects - Mayo Clinic Therapist Aid has the exclusive right to reproduce their original works, prepare derivative works, distribute copies of the works, and in the case of videos/sound recordings perform or display the work publicly. 2 Helpful Worksheets for Adults & Youth. I dont think Ill ever feel good. But at least theres some progress with bottom up work. Here at PositivePsychology.com, we have several free worksheets that help clients deal with trauma. u2*7?w{XC4Ym H-XA`-0:>uy 8W6ctp?tG- n 5Z=uEeLmh(|B%`ie .Wzr"fE-/^ rB-ot^^fV~A_*)K] bRoC:'1h}G+_k=q3G97k White and Epston believed that separating a person from their problematic behavior was crucial for therapeutic success (White, 2011). Resources for Trainers; Implementation; Personnally i believe it is wrong to think one can direct others what to say, do, act etc. Emotional IQ is another area I address with CBT techniques such as improving identification of specific emotions, not general ones like upset and mental acknowledgement of the emotion when we feel it I feel frustrated right now or I am calm. It is when a client's nervous system suddenly kicks into high alert, even when danger might not be present. Thanks! 8*l=1R/;wSGxP^PXN9^c4(jGSgp~p{[s Handout #5.2 How the Brain Resonds to a Traumatic Event and Acute Response to Stress Brainstem-driven reactions occur Traumatic Event Intensity of the response is dependent on the nature, timing, pattern and duration of the treat Prolonged Alarm Reaction The longer a child remains in this persistent state of fear the It is a far more thorough exploration into the workings of our psyches. About EMDR Therapy - EMDR International Association 1. PDF Brought to you by the PTSS team (KKH AUGUST 2019 - HealthXchange I was electrocuted as a child. Listening to the teleseminars taught me more about my disorder than my doctor who does not even know the term FREEZE and simply has no clue about CPTSD/DID starting prenatally, from the moment of conception. <> x\Y~| vGU=)?~H,E*} H8]4>>|xur[_?]~|M]6?z~>?{xVxBzwE'^"=_{=7@ I/(I:{/au|^C>'T:HE2[ki3_m=_ We hope you find the resources in this article useful. <> As a trauma therapist, I am wondering when Brainspotting is going to become more recognized as a treatment for brain-based work. 2 0 obj Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed). The brain to bounce or twist in the skull from this sudden movement. There are three main parts of the brain which are greatly affected by experiencing severe or chronic traumatic events. These three worksheets can help guide clients through different types of exposure. I agree with your explanations. Attention is focused on observable [], Guided imagery is a complementary therapy that can be a powerful technique to use with clients who have problems articulating their inner world with words [], Chamber of Commerce (KvK) Registration Number: 64733564, 6229 HN Maastricht. Ways trauma can happen include: one-off or ongoing events being directly harmed witnessing harm to someone else living in a traumatic atmosphere Before you continue, we thought you might like to download our three Resilience Exercises for free. I do generally find the graphics helpful, so I look forward to future ones. Download or send Full resource pack (PDF) Information handout only (PDF) endobj People who had severe illness with COVID-19 might experience organ damage affecting the heart, kidneys, skin and brain. The worksheets include identifying triggers, self-regulating emotions, grounding, decatastrophizing, and taking steps towards gratitude for the things they still enjoy and that support them as they heal. The Common Reactions to Trauma worksheet summarizes the common symptoms and reactions that many people experience after a trauma. Happy when they agree, disappointed when they dont and angry when some idiot troll flames me. Finally, if you would like further inspiration about the potential for growth after trauma check out this short and powerful TED Talk by trauma survivor Charles Hunt. The client may need to repeat this process of reorganizing further memories over the course of therapy. Jk vr2;QJSEL`|RN6yUa1Rn/>8]Y2:. I{( 8a/"Bpo&) N;oUjRlT4u. This will help to dissolve despair and anger over time. It aims to enhance the psychosocial capability of the Singapore community to support children and youth after crises or traumatic events. It includes all the resources youll need to deliver high-quality resilience training and more. The healing stage involves three phases. Look at our article 24 Best Self-Soothing Techniques and Strategies for Adults for more resources. Therapist Materials hZLp&/CB&Y]v -jF-mn4m1$u:y79q,T1pYUSeP`eKuN-W>tG@r d^ ,kVY. For a moving true-life account of how traumatic childhood experiences can lead to post-traumatic growth and a rounded, fulfilling life, check out this TEDx talk by Martha Londagin below. Trauma Related (Client Handouts) The worksheet start by identifying what is distressful, and causes avoidance. Trauma can include events where you feel: frightened under threat humiliated rejected abandoned invalidated unsafe unsupported trapped ashamed powerless. For more information about how our resources may or may not be used, see our help page. Most of the modalities on the chart are body based (Mindfulness, yoga, sensorimotor psychotehrapy, etc.). 1 0 obj Traumatic brain injury is considered an Acquired Brain . Join 550,000+ helping professionals who get free, science-based tools sent directly to their inbox. Trauma survivors should complete this exercise with a therapist or counselor for support with any distressing feelings and sensations that may arise such as flashbacks, anxiety, or panic. Disclaimer: The resources available on Therapist Aid do not replace therapy, and are intended to be used by qualified professionals. Useful Links, For Coping Skills Please Refer to Coping Skills Page, Creating the Trauma Narrative (Client Handouts), Engagement/Motivational Enhancement, Finding a Therapist for Evidence-Based Treatment, How to Talk to Children about War (NCSTN link), Parenting Tips When Your Child Has Experienced Trauma, Parenting Tips When Your Child Has Experienced Trauma - Spanish version, Talking With Your Child About Trauma: Guidelines For Foster Parents, Things Families Can Do to Cope with Trauma, Things Families Can Do to Cope with Trauma - Spanish version, Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress - Spanish, Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Caregiver, Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Caregiver - Spanish, Trauma Information Pamphlet For Parents (from UCLA), Questions About Your Understanding of Family Violence, Trauma Common Unhelpful Helpful Thoughts Tool, Rights of Child Victims and Witnesses (RCW), Clarification Questions To Sexual Assault Offenders, Dealing with Trauma: A TF-CBT Workbook for Teens, Dealing with Trauma: A TF-CBT Workbook for Teens - Spanish version, How the Abuse Has Affected How I See Myself, Tu Libro de Actividades de TF-CBT (Your Very Own TF-CBT Workbook - Spanish version), Twenty Ways To Get Kids To Start Trauma Narratives for WA, Hercules and Hydra Example: Explaining Avoidance and Gradual Exposure in Trauma, Cheat Sheet - TF-CBT A-Practice Checklist, Child Caregiver Conjoint Work - Fitzgerald 2008, Dyad Practice-Facilitating Detailed Narratives, Guidelines for Managing the Trauma Narrative, N2K (Need to Know) Trauma Narrative Sheet, Practice on Getting "Buy In" for Engaging in Trauma Narrative, Sample Thought Stopping Scripts From TF CBT Website Training, Technique for Preparing for and Conducting Parent Child Sessions, Socratic Strategies for Self-Blame Thoughts, Socratic Techniques for Changing Unhelpful Thoughts, Trauma and Autism Spectrum Disorder - A Reference Guide, Trauma Narrative Gradual Exposure Handout, Twenty Ways to Get Kids to Start Trauma Narratives, Crimes Against Children Research Center (Publications), National Child Traumatic Stress Network Trauma Resources. This technique reconnects the client to their original emotional responses to the trauma which otherwise can become displaced onto other associated stimuli called triggers. Cultivating self-compassion is crucial when recovering from a traumatic experience (Collier, 2016). On a regular day, or even when we feel stressed, these parts of our brain are active and communicating to help keep us safe. 4 0 obj %PDF-1.6 % A copy of the information handout in PDF format. You learn from the top-down how to do something. Your email address will not be published. Client's Rights, Trauma Narrative 8 0 obj | Having followed these telesiminars by NICABM it has always been clear to me that this forum is to communicate amongst the listeners. It was very effective for me. PDF Module #5: Trauma and Brain Neurobiology Student Packet A step in many trauma interventions involves normalizing these reactions, and showing that a person is not broken, wrong, or alone. Can anyone lay this out in plain English? In 2011, Nelson developed a posttraumatic growth path (PTGP) for veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; Nelson, 2011). ~{>C-8b-t zx\TUh_+ @Xc+nF]DjnaO!~QT(2Fd:/"\,4M.PNCxQ3(.Wze{30q << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> View the study here: Trauma and the Brain Handout 2014. This "fight-or-flight" response is . I seem to remember it mostly concerned his verbal behaviour to some woman and possibly others stood by her. Box 1000, Eau Claire, WI 54702-1000, USA Phone: Copyright 2023 PESI, Inc. All Rights Reserved, Step-by-step strategies that can be used on their own or in collaboration with a therapist, Simple diagrams that make sense of the confusing feelings and physical reactions survivors experience, Worksheets to practice the skills that bring relief and ultimately healing. This is because of the dissociation and depersonalization that can occur as the body struggles to process sensory overload. Jan Kingston, Another Field, Eagle Mountain, UT, USA says. |[:`3$c XZHh3M? Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) involves coupling negative cognition with a chosen target image, selecting a positive replacement cognition, then reprocessing traumatic memories into more adaptive thoughts. Identifying triggers is an essential coping skill that can help a client manage their symptoms during their recovery. The problem with avoidance is that it constrains life by restricting options and prevents learning and growth. (Master of Counselling)1 Calgary, Alberta . Feeling far away or unreal is common following a traumatic experience. <> The old order rapidly ageth, the times they are achanging. The program comprises four stages for those struggling with PTSD symptoms (Nelson, 2011): Evidence shows the techniques applied during each stage are beneficial for relieving specific PTSD symptoms in all types of trauma survivors and promoting post-traumatic growth (Ogilvie & Carson, 2021). stream I did CBT for years and it did very little to assist me or help me understand why trauma was having such a devastating effect on my life. V ?? Print Materials - PTSD: National Center for PTSD - Veterans Affairs endobj I was excited to see this graphic, as I am always looking for better ways to teach my clients and potential clients. This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. 4 0 obj Trauma and the Brain handout (McLaughlin, 2014) View the study here: Trauma and the Brain Handout 2014. To use this feature you must be signed in to an active Complete, Advanced, or Team account. Download or send Full resource pack (PDF) Information handout only (PDF) PDF Oregon Center of Excellence for - OCEACT This worksheet from Mylemarks allows your client to identify triggers that lead to anxiety. In doing this kind of therapy, we may have the opportunity to change blueprints established before we even knew who we were or how the world worked. l>#mbT-(MUF3NfeL#sF$fM15ZSqY/sc2g{`}x%o1$~O)Pj6nSwv\s1K 2) I also dont think that I agree with your definitions. Teut, M., Roesner, E. J., Ortiz, M., Reese, F., Binting, S., Roll, S., Brinkhaus, B. (2012). The last step of the post-traumatic growth path involves reorganizing the traumatic memory using the mind as a filing cabinet metaphor. The trauma narrative is the child's telling of the story of their traumatic experience (s). You wont regret it! Glad you liked the article! These three worksheets are designed to ground clients in the present moment using breathwork and radical acceptance. Tags: Ive never received no treatment of any kind . Negative core beliefs are another also called negative cognitions (i.e. 6 Must-Read Trauma Treatment Books for Clinicians 2023 PositivePsychology.com B.V. While our other PTG article defines Post-Traumatic Growth with detail on the concept itself and the science behind it, this article provides you with practical tools to apply PTG with your clients or students. It isn't clear how long these effects might last. _,sw8_1;zE3_D-rTgQcqR;j-G!7FAST"&c_`~v#x%V( *x8c`:1=w0/VaZ&f'" V~@P{X5>T5Fy$Dt&`^hD%O#z,/D(?^$~.y~?qk)=V_2K5ibhE5srdsX(u?;tgk!?o;fhD4jB6)-i9 4@?D@l]D ")]O{$D3yt. By the way, Im a music therapist (there was no option for this when entering my details). endobj Our entire western societies have been manipulated into being sexdriven, instead of concerning ourselves with the real things that matter in a society where a dark elite rules, planning Eugenics/Worldpopulationreduction. Catastrophizing entails imagining the worst-case scenario every time we face a problem. Eg. Meanwhile, top-down approaches look to shift the way a client thinks whether its veering them away from unhelpful rumination or encouraging curiosity for their reactions. After reading your post, I want to reach out to you and your colleagues and thank you all for shouldering such meaningful work . Then, when youre working with the client, as therapist you repeat the narrative and release the negative thoughts, emotions and the story. 1. Great article. Hi, Another bottom up approach I use is art psychotherapy where l encourage clients to work with art materials in a sensory self regulating and soothing way. Our article on psychoeducation interventions explains more. How to cope sounds like conceptual learning, not experiential, as in bottom-up learning. Im a solution-focused narrative therapy and your PTG approach so resonates with me. Also looking for the ACTUAL PTG-24 tool link. Im disappointed, where is neurofeedback on this graphic? 4 0 obj How to help clients cope with their raw emotions and defense reactions. Patients with PTSD experience unwanted memories of the traumatic event in the form of flashbacks or nightmares, and they report higher levels of anxiety, and vigilance. It is bottom to top 1st because one needs to be able to cope with the results of their trauma, but if they have already done this step at this time, then they should then go to the 2nd step, which is the top down. t.M) |,0FnLn"I,^N2I3)"/I)A!GW*jP|1W_dpV/-iFOJkgT*}EF6 zbZ,`c3IW,aR+XVwdYIk Anyone who violates the exclusive rights of the copyright owner is an infringer of the copyrights in violation of the US Copyright Act. Working with the relationship allows for an integration of top down and bottom up approaches, particularly when we are addressing relational trauma where the trauma enters into the dynamics of the therapeutic relationship and can be responded to in a developmentally needed way. Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy National Therapist Certification Program. Bottom-up therapy, in my training and experience, is not how to help clients cope with raw emotions and defense reactions; that kind of a definition would be a top-down/cognitive method. I love this graphic! Expressive arts activities can help to process blocked emotional responses to trauma through painting, drawing, clay modeling, photography, music, and movement (Malchiodi, 2020). I was delighted to see art psychotherapy mentioned! "0y|H "p3 "iu9A%~ YqKiDd"d \kq(`'4&lbzf S) D Y$!oit$_b.d2Vu1%e= BlZs\CBa)pgr%}r[+FQ 5 BP(N?fu_>AmSJKS \'*TKE)T(#z.k=r-q\bFp+Hqos'>WKy-~0-8obiy!Qf| 9A}D7DYx'Vcq-qM@ZT#(wY8GV/e}cfh6bG4v~JbQN]n!FJC EP;K]q{{2)2OR/uq#Qcu'h ). Allen, B. Where do you see physical therapies fitting? When the client stops seeing their trauma as an integral part of their identity, resolving to learn and grow from the experience becomes easier (Van Der Kolk, 2014). Meanwhile, our Imaginal Exposure worksheet uses the Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) to quantify the disturbance a client feels when revisiting their traumatic experience during therapy. This pathway can also work with other types of trauma survivors. Is what Im doing still considered a form of top-down processing? It is possible to overcome avoidance through gradual exposure until desensitized to the triggering stimuli. !sg+v.Ep3-Q2--2n8ZvH7M:U}8 HB >j f`[u.aNYPYPb=cy0S"f)j h? Nelson, S. D. (2011). 1) I have to agree with a lot of people below who noted that a lot of significant methodology was left out Somatic Experiencing, Brainspotting, Neurofeedback, Polyvagal Theory, etc. These two worksheets help clients identify their character strengths and recognize their capacity for post-traumatic growth. It can be a powerful technique to use with coaching, counseling, [], Behavior therapy originates from attempts by science and psychology to understand, predict, and control human behavior (Sommers-Flanagan & Sommers-Flanagan, 2015). Ruth Lanius mentioned that a key factor to distinguish Bipolar (manic state) from symptoms of trauma is sleep: while the former perceives little need for it, the latter has great difficulty sleeping/often wake up feeling tired. I do not condone the longstanding male behaviour, nor do i condone the way many women dress precisely to exite such manners and i feel that in safe surroundings an adult assertive woman should be able to speak and than be done with the matter. Try our Countdown to Calmness worksheet which uses radical acceptance to ground you by focusing on your five senses. I have been there and done that. Free Resources :7DH`$DjL#GXdj;f+\G}1H% Guided imagery is a therapeutic intervention in the field of complementary and alternative medicine. This fact sheet discusses traumatic brain injury and its consequences and provides information about the helpful resources available to families caring for a loved one affected by TBI. What is Trauma? Chemical changes in the brain and sometimes stretching and damage to the brain cells. THE IMPACT OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ON BRAIN DEVELOPMENT: A LITERATURE REVIEW AND SUPPORTING HANDOUTS Samantha Kirouac, M.C. Stage three helps the client reintegrate their feelings and thoughts about the original trauma to facilitate opportunities for learning and growth. Anxiety Its also worth noting that your client may benefit from a mix of both approaches. The Oregon Center of Excellence for Assertive Community Treatment (OCEACT) provides training and technical assistance to support new and existing Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) programs throughout Oregon. These engaging, science-based exercises will help you cope with difficult circumstances and give you the tools to improve the resilience of your clients, students, or employees. EMDR also uses Bottom up and Top down approaches and with this info graphic and the replies I am left very confused as to what Bottom up and Top down actually mean as you can get different definitions of things depending on the presenters. $.' What have you found in choosing whether to use a top-down or bottom-up approach? % This can leave clients feeling the heat of their emotions, but without insight or cognitive reflection. I so surprised that you did not include Somatic Experiencing as a bottom up approach in your chart, especially since Peter Levine is one of your presenters and a pioneer in the field. A client doesnt need any artistic skills to take part in this type of therapy. Is there any link to these worksheets to download in pdf. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: measuring the positive legacy of trauma. hbbd```b``V@$5d{"$0 2Drv`rXL^7#6D x[nF}7GW/E6&) m\!-S"UO_vf)9E5J33g.=ZUI:J.e6zNyZ|f}UYz>O?g'# Exposure is an evidence-based approach to overcoming triggers and avoidance. It can be obvious, with a clear cause, and symptoms that seem to make sense. Trauma Focused CBT - University of Washington A fascinating way to think about choices for clients that can help them get the most out of therapy. stream <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 12 0 R 13 0 R 17 0 R 20 0 R 25 0 R 28 0 R 33 0 R 37 0 R 40 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 841.92] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Finally, these four worksheets have been designed using evidence-based interventions that promote post-traumatic growth. Are you a qualified therapist who would like to help with our translation project? No country murdered more civilians. Ic[J/-ixlQ!3jeup{f[;RnH(v5 sS{iXN5KVl O?Lt\,&9\ GsG=p Been very nice to hear moreorganized well for the practitioner! This tool is best used as a prompt for discussion about an individual's unique response to trauma. Reactions To Trauma - Psychology Tools I have to say, I expected definitions for this Bottom up and Top to be similar. Unlimited access to interactive therapy tools. %PDF-1.3 Is it not curious that i, a person suffering from the most serious CPTSD/DID, have to decide to leave most groups on FB, concerning PTSD, DID, Hypersensitivity etc. It also initiated an unconscious release process which is best described by Peter Levines Somatic Experiencing, particularly his most recent book In an Unspoken Voice: how the body releases trauma and restores goodness. I read your article very detailed and easy to understand, I hope next time you will have more wonderful articles to share with the reader, thank you. Once the trauma narrative is completed, the client proceeds to step 2. We are very excited that our free app for cognitive processing, the TF-CBT Triangle of Life, is now freely available from the Google Play and Apple iTunes stores! Before this, I suffered from terrible brain fog, which has been lifting, so I didnt have a whole bunch of obvious negative thoughts then. endobj It played a major role in his untimely death. The next step involves experiencing the feelings aroused by reading the trauma narrative aloud using imaginal exposure. Nobody wants to suffer, but we will inevitably face adverse experiences, whether its through loss and grief, sudden illness or injury, a natural calamity, or witnessing violence and extreme suffering in others. & Hoskowitz, N. A. In mental health, trauma is defined as any physical, emotional or psychological set back to a person's existence that leaves lasting negative impact on their cognitive, social and personal functioning. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This can help with processing buried conflicts and unresolved trauma. ",#(7),01444'9=82. ]4ME e\*+g@xgiI7aZ8N26Q dT-C_n)@'VSAZvq dg$FB= /'sy[r|1 yx=l2)tXHzeZbM^8G~,?%XkY1GuqQ2[8$OKfRw@b2@ei?KZ+JPq}-TO*-J*~=%/C9Ac :dD"N$krZH%IW G J9ChK0F3EQryv|@5H8DMH6"j To reach a goal of dealing with the trauma then going beyond it by changing the way we perceive the trauma so it no longer effects you and you can live your life in peace because of it. How do I feel? Mild TBI and concussions are brain injuries.
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