The final set of publications was analysed thematically as they were grouped into dryland ecosystem types (i.e., rangelands/grasslands, heathland, desert, wetlands) according to the search keywords used. (Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Additional measures for the creation of forests in the regions and of the green cover in the Aral Sea region, 2020b), (Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the establishment of South Ustyurt National Park (in Uzbek language), 2020a), (Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on additional measures related to the organization of protected areas on forestlands, 2022), My Garden in the Aral Sea International innovation Centre for Aral Sea basin under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan (iic-aralsea.org), FAO classification of soil types (Schad, 2014), Abdalla K, Mutema M, Chivenge P, Everson C, Chaplot V (2022) Grassland rehabilitation significantly increases soil carbon stocks by reducing net soil CO2 emissions. The Gale Group, Farmington Hills, MI: 1999. The term nature-based solutions is relatively new, hence more evidence-based documentation of success stories around the world is needed to validate both cost-efficiency and long-term applicability of these practices, especially in those regions with newly formed ecosystems like the Aralkum. Remote Sens Environ 266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2021.112695, Ragab R, Prudhomme C (2002) Climate change and water resources management in arid and semi-arid regions: Prospective and challenges for the 21st century. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6652-5_13, Toderich KN, Shuyskaya EV, Taha FK, Matsuo N, Ismail S, Aralova DB, Radjabov TF (2013b) Integrating agroforestry and pastures for soil salinity management in dryland ecosystems in Aral Sea basin. In essence, its the variety of ways that species interact with each other and their environment. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. (A biological community is an interacting group of various species in a common location.) https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2935, Girardin CA, Jenkins S, Seddon N, Allen M, Lewis SL, Wheeler CE, Malhi Y (2021) Nature-based solutions can help cool the planet - if we act now. A half acre of rainforest would likely have greater biodiversity than a full acre of desert. They include everything from cleaning water and absorbing chemicals, which wetlands do, to providing oxygen for us to breatheone of the many things that plants do for people. Here, we systematically review the application of nature-based solutions in rural drylands around the world with all four types of aridity indices defined by the United Nations: dry sub-humid, semi-arid, arid and hyper arid areas (see Fig. Due to the impact of afforestation on soil carbon both positively and negatively (Seddon, et al., 2020), selection of appropriate sites and species turn out to be a key to success, but most importantly, afforestation should be implemented with the application of native and/or endemic species to avoid introduction of invasive alien species. Glob Change Biol 27:33953414. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5684-7_38. In the United States, theEndangered Species Actprotects about 2,000 organisms that are in danger of becoming extinct. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2013.05.007. Based on the information in the chart, ecosystem X has the highest biodiversity.Therefore, option B is correct.. What is an ecosystem? Rangelands in the Aral Sea basin represent not just significant economic and environmental value to local stakeholders, but also cultural values (Shaumarov, et al., 2012). This would in turn mean increased vulnerability to droughts, decreased water availability, reduced crop yields and increased disease transmission (e.g., malaria) (Huang, Yu, Dai, Wei, & Kang, 2017), (UNCCD, 2017). The researchers cited a variety of approaches, like tax incentives, to encourage the protection of certain species on private land. California committed to 30x30 even before the federal government did. Areas with high numbers of endemic species are called biodiversity hotspots. The issues with human-biodiversity interaction in wetlands, where artemia is grown and harvested, sustainability of yields, water availability and its quality yet need to be researched to comply with NbS criteria. Gland: IUCN Publications Unit, IUCN (2017) Drylands and land degradation. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40333-018-0073-3. All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Along with a newly formed desert ecosystem, the desiccation has brought about a number of environmental, social and economic challenges to the region, impacting millions of people residing in the Aral Sea basin (Lemly, Kingsford, & Thompson, 2000). Medicines that treat some forms ofcancerhave been made from therosy periwinkle, a flower that grows on the African island of Madagascar. The chart shows information regarding the four ecosystems that has the highest biodiversity. While Earths biodiversity is so rich that many species have yet to be discovered, many species are being threatened with extinction due to human activities, putting the Earths magnificent biodiversity at risk. The geographic precision now available, Dr. Hamilton said, can allow private individuals and conservation groups to focus more accurately on preventing extinctions. list the steps that are followed if a suspect's blood is found at a crime scene. However, to date there has been no focused and systematic review of the application of NbS in drylands, despite their importance. Nationwide, the Interior Department is seeking public input until March 7 on questions such as what should count as conserved land and waters under President Bidens 30 percent commitment. California has the most imperiled biodiversity of any state in the contiguous United States. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Hence, water availability needs to be considered thoroughly when it comes to planning desert greening activities, as there is large-scale evidence of failed or low effective interventions aimed at greening the Aral Seabed. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Sarah Appleton, National Geographic Society. The term nature-based solutions (NbS) reportedly emerged in the late 2000s in connection with the CBDs ecosystem approach method (Cohen-Shacham, et al., 2019), (Agol, Reid, Crick, & Wendo, 2021). Extinction is a natural part of life on Earth. Ecosystems of Oceans and Freshwater: Biological Diversity and Water Tech. Its part of a larger global push, known as 30x30, to protect more land and water worldwide. Review of Nature-based Solutions in Dryland Ecosystems: the - Springer There are not enough insects to pollinate large fields of single crops, so farmers must truck in honeybees to do the job. But they are one of the most imperiled wildlife groups in the United States. Biodiversity refers to the variety of living organisms within a given area. World of Biology. These are: marine (or saltwater), freshwater and those that are both. in pea plants, round peas (R) are dominant to wrinkled peas (r). Much of the Earths biodiversity, however, is in jeopardy due to human consumption and other activities that disturb and even destroy ecosystems. A water ecosystem with high niche diversity and warm water temperatures will likely have a high biodiversity. PLEASE ANSWER QUICKLY! Imperiled species are supposed to be, but that can be tricky depending on what the land is used for. This single pixel includes seven species, such as Cockerell's bumble bee, White Mountain false pennyroyal and Sacramento Mountains thistle. Lack of monitoring is another issue determining the success of afforestation in the Aral Sea region. https://aral.uz/en/asbp1/, Agency of the International Fund for Saving the Aral Sea. The ecosystem is thus a biodiversity hotspot and as per the table, the ecosystem X gets more of the high temperature and has s size square of 100 miles. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . A new resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan was adopted (effective of 19 January 2022) to increase forest plantations on the Aral Seabed. These two seemingly similar ecosystems have a lot of differences that make them both special. It has also been documented that sub-soil conditions are at times more important than topsoil for tree growth (Matsui, Watanabe, Kussainova, & Funakawa, 2019). Forests are cut for lumber and firewood. However, only around 1.2 million species have been identified and described so far, most of which are insects. For example, species with high genetic diversity and many populations that are adapted to a wide variety of conditions are more likely to be able to weather disturbances, disease, and climate change. There are hundreds of species known to be globally critically imperiled or imperiled in this country that have no protection under federal law and often no protection under state law, said Healy Hamilton, chief scientist at NatureServe, a nonprofit conservation research group that led the analysis behind the map. At the highest level, one can look at all the different species on the entire Earth. According to Li et al. We conducted a systematic review on the topic of nature-based solutions in terrestrial dryland ecosystems around the world, with a specific focus on the Aral Sea region in Uzbekistan. At the highest level, one can look at all the different species on the entire Earth. list the steps that are followed if a suspect's blood is found at a crime scene. Biodiversity allows us to live healthy and happy lives. Correspondence to R Soc Open Sci 8. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.201847, Aladin NV, Chida T, Chuikov YS, Ermakhanov ZK, Kawabata Y, Kubota J, Zaitzev VF (2018) The history and future of the biological resources of the Caspian and the Aral Seas. As large-scale afforestation of the former Aral seabed is planned to continue through 2030, as stipulated by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of UzbekistanFootnote 2, there is at the very least a need for planning and monitoring, as well as selection of native species to ensure afforestation success.
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