General Extrusions makes simple and intricate aluminum shapes through both long and short production runs. I have an equation involving u(x,y), but instead of using a stationary solver I reformulate the equation as something like u(x,t), where the variable y plays a similar role as t, and hence solvable using the time dependent solver in 1D model. Next, lets take a look at the settings of the General Extrusion coupling operator. This moving load is then transformed into the rotating coordinate system via the General . I didn't mean to do integration, what i meant is something like: To see how this General Extrusion operator maps variables, consider a plane stationary heat conduction problem with the left and right edges at temperatures of 300 K and 400 K, respectively. The velocity field is given by u and v, the fluid velocity in the x and y-directions, respectively. Enter the expression for the general extrusion operator from earlier. Hi, In the course of building multiphysics models, we often encounter situations in which the solution to one physics is periodic or very nearly so while the solutions to other physics of interest are nonperiodic. COMSOL Multiphysics includes built-in features pertaining to such physical effects. Linear Extrusion - COMSOL Multiphysics Now we will use the operators in the physics nodes to implement the boundary conditions. Mapping of data between different components in the model to perform submodeling, Mapping between components to extract results on different geometries. L=\frac{x_s}{2}\sqrt{1+4(\frac{x_s}{d})^2}+\frac{d}{4}\ln(2\frac{x_s}{d}+\sqrt{1+4(\frac{x_s}{d})^2}), we introduced you to Linear Extrusion operators, earlier blog post on Linear Extrusion operators, Using the General Extrusion Coupling Operator in COMSOL: Dynamic Probe, Using General Extrusion Operators to Model Rotation, Using General Extrusion Operators to Model Periodic Structures, Submodeling: How to Analyze Local Effects in Large Models, Postprocessing Local Data Using Component Coupling, Multiscale Modeling in High-Frequency Electromagnetics. Mapping of data defined on a boundary (left) along the direction normal to the plane and into a volume (right). Name: genext1 When it comes to general nonlinear mappings, General Extrusion operators are necessary. Left: Temperature varies linearly from left to right. The General Extrusion feature is available in the model tree under Component > Definitions > Component Coupling. Settings used to revolve data about the azimuthal axis of a cylindrical coordinate system. Since there is no displacement in the y-direction, the y-expression is set at its default y. Note: This discussion is about an older version of the COMSOLMultiphysics software. For such a unit cell model, the walls of the channels are set to the Wall, No Slip condition. The components of this velocity field are now defined in all of the repeated domains via the General Extrusion operator: genext1(u) and genext1(v), respectively. this defines if you should us a linear or general Extrusion or Projection This is reasonable to do since it is assumed that the flow field is independent of the species concentration. Given an expression defined on a plane, e.g., the xy-plane, it is desired to map this data along the z direction. Take a look at the figure below. This time in the x direction and using the second general extrusion operator in the u0 field. There are two ways to model an excavation in COMSOL Multiphysics, both of which include a parametric sweep. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. Then the naming and differentiation between time and spatial variables is . Sometimes, we may want to access an integral, average, maximum, or minimum over a source line, surface, or volume. Right-click study 1 to compute the model. General Extrusion coupling operator settings. En fournissant votre adresse email, vous acceptez de recevoir des emails de COMSOL AB et de ses filiales propos du Blog COMSOL, et acceptez que COMSOL traite vos informations conformment sa Politique de confidentialit. This will enable us to define the flow field in the entire serpentine section. Click plot to view the displacement at the different excavation depths. The boundary condition at the top side is illustrated below. Good luck The extrusion operators constrain the normal displacement between the retaining wall and soil, forcing them to stay in contact. The same transforms can be implemented in three dimensions. How did you select the source in the general extrusion settings? To implement, define a General Extrusion operator on a boundary parallel to the xy-plane, with the z-expression blank for both the Source Map and a Destination Map. First, did you only the repeating unit in your graphics window before using the General Extrusion and Periodic Boundary conditions node or was it the entire geometry? The ramp location is set to be -U_max. Where might you use it in your multiphysics modeling? This approach, as explained earlier, is limited to cases in which the source and destination are related by affine transformations. Currently we are ISO 9001 certified. I defined a general extrusion operator, then defined variables such as T_sf = genext1(comp1.T), Y_sf = genext1(Y) and so. To implement the normal current boundary condition on side 1, we need access to the electric potential V_2 on side 2. I will always remember a Geotechnical Engineering class I took during the pursuit of my Civil Engineering degree. The Linear Extrusion operator defines a linear extrusion that maps between geometric parts of the same dimension. Accessing Nonlocal Variables with Linear Extrusion Operators - COMSOL In the COMSOL multiphysics user guide you can find a better explanation of how to use the general projection operator. Given an expression defined on a plane, e.g., the xy-plane, it is desired to map this data along the z direction. Disp is defined as one of three different scalars (0,1.5,3 mm) as per the fourth figure. Posted 15 feb 2011, 11:18 GMT-5 Version 4.1 3 Replies . I am also troubled by such a problem of time-dependent coordinates. It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. One option is to use the General Extrusion coupling operator. Although it is not strictly necessary to do so, the mesh is copied from the one domain used to solve for the fluid flow to all of the other domains. Add boundary 8 and change the y-axis data expression to v and use millimeters as the unit. Thanks in advance. Finite element model of the micro electrode array has been. For the 2D model, I have computed the expression u(x,y). The geometry has been previously created for this model, but all the steps are outlined in the model file to build the upper and lower layers of the soil, as well as the retaining wall and three embedded struts. This will allow you to compare different cross-sectional data and evaluate measures such as maximum, minimum, and average over several cross sections. There are four sets of results showing the deformation of the soil and retaining wall, the plastic deformation, wall deflection, and the surface settlement. They appear in the Input faces list. A one-to-one source map makes the search return, at most, one source point for a given destination point. Create the ramp function for activating the struts. The operator genext1 is not known inside the 3D component comp2; neither is T. If we want to use the temperature from the 2D axisymmetric component as an input in the 3D component, we have to use comp1.genext1(comp1.T). Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Ce consentement peut tre retir tout moment. The second boundary load is added for the vertical retaining wall boundaries. Add depth as the continuation parameter, and click the range button. It can be done in one model if just the physics are changing. Using General Extrusion Operators to Model Rotation | COMSOL Blog Using General Extrusion Operators to Model Periodic Structures - COMSOL When expanded it provides a list of search options that will switch the search inputs to match the current selection. Center: Temperature along the parabola. Submit feedback about this page or contact support here. This can be useful for analysis; for example, to probe the solution at a point that is moving in time but is associated with a stationary geometry. Settings used to map data from a boundary parallel to the xy-plane along the z direction. Today, we have discussed how to use General Extrusion operators to create mappings for copying variables from one part of a simulation domain to another. General Extrusions, Inc. continues its tradition as a leading manufacturer of aluminum extrusions where quality always comes first. Considering a variable defined on the xy-plane within a unit square centered at the origin, as shown above, it is possible to implement a variety of transforms simply via different destination maps, and leaving the source map unchanged. Alle Rechte vorbehalten. For example, to map data from a boundary around a centerline, introduce a cylindrical system, and use those coordinate system variables to define the source and destination map. To model such a situation, we want to solve the Navier-Stokes equations for the flow. Extrusion Model Coupling Operator takes a local concentration as an argument at the following boundary and evaluates it at the corresponding point at the leading boundary. The focus of this blog post is on the transformation T : x_d \rightarrow x_s.. COMSOL Multiphysics offers two coupling operators to specify this mapping: Linear Extrusion operators and General Extrusion operators. Extrusion operators are used to identify which point in the source entity corresponds to a point in the destination entity. The information provided may be out of date. We want stress in the negative x-direction here. General Extrusions is engaged in fabrication, anodizing, and powder coating, as well as aluminum finishing and machining. However, if we want to use variables from a 2D axisymmetric component in the physics node of a 3D component (i.e., thermal expansion), we need to utilize General Extrusion operators. I need to obtain a whole bunch of data in the variables section, ef., Mass fraction, Density and others. The General Extrusion operator is used to define the velocity field in all three periodic domains. The parameters J_s, q, k, \textrm{and } T represent the following, respectively: the saturation current density, the electronic charge, Boltzmanns constant, and temperature. The settings for this feature are illustrated below. The source domain(s) can be the domain(s) on which the destination point(s) are defined. There are some models. Considering a variable defined on the xy-plane within a unit square centered at the origin, as shown above, it is possible to implement a variety of transforms simply via different destination maps, and leaving the source map unchanged. at an interface. It is really a helpful example. Temperature evaluated at a point on the rotating wafer. Phone: (330) 783 0270 Fax: (330) 788 1250 Email: sales@genext.com P.O. General Extrusion, Linear Extrusion . I have defined a general extrusion coupling operator to obtain the dependent variable (in my heat transfer case, the temperature "T") at a boundary. The flow solution on this unit cell is also plotted, as shown below. Settings for the General Extrusion operator defined on the stator boundary. the setting of the extrusion is shown in the attachment (the .PNG file ). Such devices feature small channels that are filled with fluids carrying different chemical species. Here, we will demonstrate how to accomplish this using the General Extrusion component couplings in COMSOL Multiphysics. It can be used for a variety of different purposes, examples of which are presented here. Modeling Linear Motors or Generators in COMSOL Multiphysics A little calculus gives us the arc length of the parabola between the origin and the source point (x,y). A long prismatic beam is made of 1000 1[m] cubes and we wish to solve for the thermal field in this beam, when we apply 2 distinct temperatures only at the ends of the beam - BUT the cubes have a 0.1[m] gap between them as seen in the attached image. Given an expression defined on a plane, e.g., the xy-plane, it is desired to map this . Extruding Data Along a Direction Settings used to revolve data about the azimuthal axis of a cylindrical coordinate system. Using the General Extrusion Coupling Operator in COMSOL: Dynamic Probe I hope I have not missed it. Note that V refers to the electric potential at a point on the top side while genext2(V) refers to the electric potential vertically on the bottom side. Note that while COMSOL employees may participate in the discussion forum, COMSOL software users who are on-subscription should submit their questions via the Support Center for a more comprehensive response from the Technical Support team. listed if standards is not an option). I am trying to use the same for droplet evaporation. General extrusion is one way to couple. Therefore, we can greatly reduce our model by solving only for the fluid flow within one unit cell and patterning this flow solution throughout the modeling domain for the convection-diffusion problem. The player button feature allows you to see all the excavation depth results in one animation. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. Your internet explorer is in compatibility mode and may not be displaying the website correctly. These indices are, in a sense, coordinates of an intermediate mesh, and a General Extrusion operator matches source and destination points that have the same intermediate coordinates. We want a depth ranging from 0 to -26 meters with a step size of two meters. One application of a General Extrusioncoupling is to mirror the solution on the x-axis. The upper layer soil, the lower layer soil, and the retaining wall. Settings used to map data from a boundary parallel to the xy-plane along the z direction. 3 Replies, Please login with a confirmed email address before reporting spam. I deplore the glaring oversight of COMSOL: Considering how frequently one encounters problems that include a combination of Rotationally-Symmetric and Cartesian components, that COMSOL has not seen fit to provide a specific operator for this case! Here is an interesting question: How can we easily probe the solution at a point that is moving in time, but associated with a stationary geometry? general extrusion from 2D geometry to 2D geomtry - comsol.fr Select the faces that you want to extrude in the Graphics window. Right click again to duplicate it twice, since we want similar settings for the second and third struts. The plot below shows the graph for temperature evaluated at a point located 0.5 inches from the center of the rotating disk: Now that the velocity field is defined throughout the modeling domain, the species concentration at the inlet is defined via the Inflow boundary condition. Lets consider a point on the disk at a distance of 0.5 inches from the center of the disk located at (0,0). Box 3488 Youngstown, OH 44513. In this example, a 26-meter excavation is modeled by means of a parametric sweep, with a step size of 2 meters. The General Extrusion operator maps expressions defined on a source to an expression that can be evaluated on any destination geometry where the destination map expressions are valid. For this example, we will be modeling in 2D plane strain, using the solid mechanics interface and a stationary study. The General Extrusion operator will map data from the boundary into the volume, along the z direction, as shown in the following screenshots. Therefore we want stress in the y-direction. The rest of the boundary loads will describe the three struts. Extruding Data Along a Direction Several cases are illustrated in the table below. Then we add three distributions, one corresponding to each of the mapped mesh distributions. For meshing the model, sometimes an automatic mesh is sufficient, but we want to make our own for this model to improve convergence on the soil-wall boundary. Today, we will discuss General Extrusion operators, which are designed to handle nonlinear mappings and the mapping of variables between geometric entities of different dimensions. Alternatively, from the Extrude from list, select Work plane to extrude objects from a work plane. Now that the velocity field is defined throughout the modeling domain, the species concentration at the inlet is defined via the Inflow boundary condition. Sample data defined on the xy-plane, centered at the origin. General Extrusions, Inc. produces aluminum extrusions in compliance with RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) requirements. Please can you explain what I am doing wrong? The boundary load applies a force on the excavation side of the retaining wall, equal to (and therefore negating) the in-situ stresses, for any part of the wall that is below the virtual excavation depth. For the y-axis data, the expression is y, and for the x axis, the expression is u, with millimeters as units. Settings used to map data from a boundary parallel to the xy-plane along the z direction. Ce consentement peut tre retir tout moment. The General Extrusion operator maps expressions defined on a source to an expression that can be evaluated on any destination geometry where the destination map expressions are valid. If its a simple analysis may be u dont even want the two components. A retaining wall is used to hold back soil from a region you dont want it to move to, such as a lower level of the ground. For example, to map data from a boundary around a centerline, introduce a cylindrical system, and use those coordinate system variables to define the source and destination map. However, in general, we need to write the mathematical expression for the mapping. Digging into COMSOL's Geomechanics Module | COMSOL Blog The reason is that x^i and y^i are indices for the first and second pairs of expressions used to define the source-destination relationship implicitly. In the 4.0a interface i do not know where to define the variable Va ( source) and its expression (V). Schematic diagram of COMSOL coupling with external code RMC. A linear mapping built using a General Extrusion operator. General Extrusions, Inc. produces aluminum extrusions in compliance with RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) requirements. CNC Machining for Aluminum Extrusions. Several cases are illustrated in the table below. We can tag the different sides as 1 and 2, as illustrated in the figure below. listed if standards is not an option). This gap means that we cannot connect them via pair-based continuity conditions and we then resort to the General Extrusion coupling to connect the ~2000 disjoint boundaries however with the default settings it fails to find suitable source points across the large gaps one solution is then to go to Advancedand switch the Mesh search method to Closest point- this works, but with one notable drawback: Solution time for our 3M DOF model is now 2233s the factor of 26 in solution time relative to the model without couplings can be costly, if we are to use our model in any kind of auxiliary-/parametric sweep or optimization loop. Given an expression defined on a plane, e.g., the xy-plane, it is desired to map this data along the z direction. The General Extrusion operator maps expressions defined on a source to an expression that can be evaluated on any destination geometry where the destination map expressions are valid. We are then looking at the problem of evaluating the temperature at a point that follows the rotating wafer material. If we know this ahead of time, it is possible to exploit the periodicity to reduce computational requirements. The plot below shows the temperature evaluated at the focal point of the moving laser: Examples of the General Extrusion Operator - COMSOL This applies a varying species concentration over the inlet boundary. The first boundary load is added for the horizontal soil boundaries. In this model, a laser moves radially inwards and outwards over a silicon wafer that is rotating on its stage. Now, if desired, it is possible to model the entire device shown above. Second, I used the defined the Variable Disp three times as in the images above but with different values (with increments in the periodic direction specified) while the destination map setting had as input z-Disp as suggested above but I got the error Error in multiphysics compilation. Duplicate parameter/variable name. Editing and Repairing Imported Meshes in COMSOL Multiphysics, Exploiting Hardware Parallelism with COMSOL Batch Sweeps, The Graphics Window: Effective and Beautiful Postprocessing, Thank you so much for this article, I was in need of something that shows the mathematical operations of the extrusion coupling.
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