Not more than 5% of qualified electors, based on total number of votes cast for governor at last preceding gubernatorial elections. For constitutional amendments, signatures must be gathered from at least 2% of the total registered electors in each state senate district.*. 12, 2), Mississippi (MS Const. Petition title and summary creation: Within 15 days of the issuance of the certificate of review by the attorney general, petitioners file the measure with the secretary of state, who forwards it to the attorney general, who has 10 days to draft a title (IC 34-1809(2)). a. winner-take-all Art. Since 2020, state policymakers from both parties have confronted the harassment of election workers, including threats of violence, from a variety of angles, including by revising existing statutes and passing stand-alone protections. 53 22A; M.G.L.A. 3, 53. Some states have what's called an indirect initiative process. Collected in-person: Yes (Const. Application process information: Requires 25 or more must signatures as a sponsoring committee and present the complete measure to the secretary of state for approval, one of whom which must be designated as chairman of the sponsoring committee. General assembly members opposing the amendment may prepare or designate others to prepare a brief argument against such amendment, submitted to attorney general (5 ILCS 20/2). Art. In every state, a constitutional amendment requires a vote of approval. III, 3). Reports are monthly during election years and annually in nonelection years. 5, 3). Organizers file paperwork with the state that includes the proposed text of the initiative. Approximately how much money does it take for a candidate to have a reasonable chance of winning a Cannot start collecting more than two years before the election (ILCS Const. A simplified explanation of the initiative process follows. 116.334). Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but may not be limited to each political committee filing with the secretary of state a statement of organization no later than 10 days after receiving at least $200 in contributions or spending at least $200, and any political committee or individual spending at least $200 must file monthly financial reports with the secretary of state (Miss. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (Mo.Rev.Stat. 7-9-107). It occurs when policy questions go directly to the voters for a decision. Application process information: The proponent must file with the secretary of state a typewritten copy of the measure, accompanied by an affidavit that the sponsor is a qualified elector of this state as well as the fiscal requirements of the measure and the source of the revenue needed, and not less than 90 days before first day of legislature (Miss. All 24 citizen initiative states require political organizations supporting or opposing a ballot measurealmost always considered political action committeesto follow state campaign finance laws. These provisions stipulate that petition signatures must be gathered from multiple parts of the state. Where to file: Secretary of state (Const. Who can sign the petition: Qualified electors (NDCC 16.1-01-09(2)). b. George W. Bush and John McCain in 2000 Subject restrictions: Prohibited subject areas include general appropriation laws; laws providing for the preservation of the public peace, health or safety; for the payment of the public debt or interest thereon, or the creation or funding of the same, except as in this constitution otherwise provided; for the maintenance of the public schools or state institutions, and local or special laws (Const. To place amendment on ballot, legislature must pass resolution with three-fifths majority (F.S.A. Timeline for collecting signatures: One year after the petition is approved by the secretary of state (NDCC, 16.1-01-09). 1-40-130, 1-40-111), Number of signatures required: Five % of votes cast for secretary of state in last election (C.R.S.A. c. throughout the entire campaign 3, 18). 3, 20 and 21-A MRSA 901). If petitions are insufficient, sponsors may circulate and file a supplementary petition within 10 days of the date that notice was given if 90 days have not expired after the adjournment of the legislative session at which the act was passed. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (Const. Art. The powers defined herein as the "initiative" and "referendum" shall not be used to pass a law authorizing any classification of property for the purpose of levying different rates of taxation thereon or of authorizing the levy of any single tax on land or land values or land sites at a higher rate or by a different rule than is or may be applied to improvements thereon or to personal property (Const. The timelines for signature gathering for popular referenda differ significantly from those for initiatives. No amendment may change more than one section, no appropriations, and no local or special laws. Seven states (Alaska, Arkansas, Colorado, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio and Oregon) allow sponsors extra time to gather additional signatures if the petitions submitted are insufficient. Const. 2, 10; Cal.Elec.Code 9004, Title board, comprised of secretary of state, attorney general and director of the office of legislative legal services. Prepared jointly by the secretary of state and attorney general, Const. Legislatures are often required to refer certain measures to the ballot for voter approval. 3503.06). Sample petition prepared by secretary of state must include the text of the measure, a statement of purpose and implication, and yes-no statements, as prepared by the petitioner (MCA 13-27-202 and -205). Verification: County officials verify each signature, printed name, date of birth and address with the voter registration records to determine if the signer is a registered voter (NRS 32-1409). Where to file with: Attorney general and secretary of the commonwealth once approved (M.G.L.A. Petition bears the title of the bill it seeks to repeal, and the secretary of state drafts the ballot title that appears on the petition. Art. If the Legislature passes a law that voters do not approve of, they may gather signatures to demand a popular vote on the law. a. increases political corruption at the polling booths. Must register prior to signature collection and expenditures (On Our Terms '97 PAC v. Secretary of State of Maine (1999) and 21-A MRSA 903-C). Three% of votes cast for governor at preceding biennial state election to submit to the legislature. Reports of contributions and expenditures are due on a quarterly basis. Formal processes vary greatly, such as the requirement of a formal sworn statement in Missouri (V.A.M.S. III, 5). The secretary of state must write the question in a clear, concise and direct manner that describes the subject matter of the peoples veto or direct initiative as simply as is possible (MRS tit. Art. Paid per signature: Prohibited (Const. Most of these bans have been overturned by the courts. 12; 25. May amend the initiative with three-fourths vote, but may only amend to further the purpose of the measure. Referendums usually take place on election voting days. (RCW 29A.72.230). For amendments, unless specified otherwise, July 1 following approval (MCA 13-27-105; MT CONST Art. 2, 3; M.G.L.A. Art. AB 45; 30). 34-1813), Repeal or change restrictions: No time limit or majority restrictions for legislature to overturn or alter, Types allowed: Citizen initiative for constitutional amendments. Rev. Types allowed: Indirect initiative for statutes, direct initiative for constitutional amendments, and popular referendum. II, 9). 49. 295.009, Ohio: Const. Art. Art. 48, Init., Pt. Art. 250.125; 250.067; 250.127). Art. What is on each petition: Petition is addressed to the secretary of state and must contain for each petitioner a declaration that he is a qualified elector, address and date of signature. Art. Art. 53 7. a. Paid per signature: Prohibited (MCA 13-27-102). Missouri and Nebraska have unique signature requirements. Art. Reports of contributions and expenditures are due on the 12th day before an election, the 38th day after an election and the last business day of January and July of every year. Repeal or change restrictions: No veto from governor, and legislature may pass statutes normally (V.A.M.S. When does public opinion polling take place during a campaign? To ask citizens to confirm or repeal a decision Which of the following is a method of limiting voter access? Split-ticket voting III, 3). Art. All 23 popular referendum states require a simple majority to pass a popular referendum. 22-24-412, Within 90 days after the adjournment of the legislative session at which it was passed. Art. Const. 250.015; 250.052; 250.045). Code 9001). 22-24-409). Who can sign the petition: Electors of the state (OH Const. Statewide general election, and 90 days before the first day of the legislative session and the first five measures make it on the ballot. Secretary of state, in consultation with attorney general, OH Const. III, 3 and MGL ch. unitary, 12. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: Include but are not limited to filing with the secretary of state, written disclaimers when publicizing, limits on contributions, detailed contribution reports, unexpended campaign contributions, and rules promulgated by secretary of state (C.R.S.A. II, 1g; O.R.C. Reports of contributions and expenditures are due on a quarterly basis (Rule 2.103 and 2.122). Art. A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment. They must also designate a committee of five to represent the proponents (O.R.C. Geographic distribution: 3% of total votes cast for the office of governor from at least 15 counties (Const. 4, Pt. Const. 46. Submission deadline of signatures: Must be 120 days before the election it is to be voted upon (NDCC Const. For statutory initiatives, 2% of residential population according to the last federal decennial census. For citation information, please contact the NCSL Elections and Redistricting Team. Art. a. majority Art. Stat. Which election: Next regular general election or a special election called by the lieutenant governor (Utah Code 20A-7-301(1)). Once the lieutenant governor receives the verified packets from the clerks, they count the number of names and declare the proposition sufficient or not (U.C.A. Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: Not specified. Number of signatures required: 2% of the residential population according to the last federal decennial census (Const. d. The gerrymandered system, 14. Voter apathy or lack of interest is often cited as a cause of low turnout among eligible voters in jurisdictions where voting is optional, and the donkey vote where voting is compulsory. Seventeen states have a statute in place noting that if two or more conflicting measures are on the same ballot, the measure receiving the most votes passes. Ballot title and summary: Full text is included if not too long. Art. Signatures must be filed one year prior to the election. IV, 1). The primary responsibility for conducting public elections rests with, 5. Difference Between Initiative and Referendum Submission deadline for signatures: Must be filed within 90 days of when the applicable legislative session adjourns sine die (AZ Const. Under the obligatory type, a statute or constitution requires that certain classes of legislative action be referred to a popular vote for approval or rejection. Submission deadline for signatures: Must be submitted before 5 p.m. no later than the earlier of 30 days after the first individual signs the petition or 40 days after the legislative session ends (Utah Code 20A-7-306(1)). b. four Where to file with: None, but state board of elections certifies signatures (5 ILCS 20/2a). 1953 20A-7-202; U.C.A. Art. What is on each petition: Must contain attorney generals unique numeric identifier, title, summary and the proposed measures full text, and follow the form found in the code (Cal.Elec.Code 9008, 9009, 9012). Art. 4, 2; Constitution 48, Init., Pt. Submission deadline of signatures: For direct constitutional amendments, a timeline beginning on Sept. 1 before the general election it is to be voted upon and ends on the third Tuesday of June of an even-numbered year. Circulator oaths or affidavits: Yes, and notarized (A.R.S. Art. Any contribution of $500 or more in last 13 days to be reported within 24 hours. b. consensus mark. Proponent organization and requirements: A committee of three applicants must be designated to represent the sponsors in all matters pertaining to the petition. Art. Which of the following is a method of limiting voter access? In order for a referendum to be successful, it must achieve a double majority of votes for 'yes' both overall and in each state. 14, 3), Types allowed: Indirect citizen initiative for statutes and popular referendum. Electronic reports of contributions and expenditures must be filed according to a schedule specified in ORS 260.057. Legislature or other government official review: The Financial Impact Estimating Conference members of one person from the governors office, the coordinator of the Office of Economic and Demographic Research, one professional senate staffer and one professional house staffer (F.S.A. Withdrawal process of individual signature: A registered elector who signs a petition may withdraw his or her signature from the petition by filing a written request for such withdrawal with the secretary of state at any time on or before the day that the petition is filed with the secretary of state (CRS 1-40-109(3)). Laws that relate to religion, religious practices or religious institutions; the appointment, qualification, tenure, removal or compensation of judges; the powers, creation or abolition of courts; the operation of a particular town, city or other political division or to particular districts or localities of the commonwealth; or the appropriation of money for the current or ordinary expenses of the commonwealth or for any of its departments, boards, commissions or institutions. 3, 19; 21-A MRSA 903-A, sub-4), Nebraska (Neb. Submission deadline for signatures: Within 90 days following the final adjournment of the legislative session at which the law was enacted (Const. Indirect initiatives can require two rounds of signature gathering, so timelines and deadlines for these are more complex. Const. Who can sign the petition: Electors of the state (Const. 23-17-29), Missouri (V.A.M.S. Code 9604). 23-17-43). a. single-issue advocacy groups. Art. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Utah Code 20A-7-209). III, 4). 16, 6; N.R.S. Public review or notice: The secretary of state also furnishes an information pamphlet with the title, fiscal statement if applicable, its complete text, the form in which it'll appear on the ballot, arguments for and against it, and rebuttal arguments, and will publish notices in newspaper (MCA 13-27-401; 13-27-402; 13-27-410; 13-27-311). Circulator requirements: US citizen and at least 18 years old (CRS 1-40-112). Circulator requirements: Age 18 or older (Elec. Art. Art. During the 14 days before the election, reports of any communication exceeding $5,000 in the aggregate are due within one business day (Rule 2.109). Types allowed: Indirect citizen initiative for statutes and amendments and popular referendum. Timeline for collecting signatures: Eighteen months (V.A.M.S. Six states prohibit sponsors from paying circulators on a per-signature basis. That makes a total of 24 states with an initiative process. Considered a committee if individual raises or spends more than $5,000. **Residency requirement was struck down by Term Limits Leadership Council v. Clark (1997). 15, 273). Art. Art. 4, Pt. 3, 52). Ballot title and summary: Proponents submit a suggested popular name, to be approved or disapproved by the secretary of state (NMSA 1-17-9).
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